NEET 2025 MCQ with Answer Explanation : “Excretory Products and their Elimination”

MCQ 51
Which of the following best describes the term ‘anuria’?

A) Excessive urination
B) Complete absence of urine production
C) Painful urination
D) Decreased urine output

Answer: B) Complete absence of urine production

Explanation: Anuria refers to the complete cessation of urine production, which can indicate severe kidney dysfunction.

MCQ 52
What is the main role of the renal medulla?

A) Filtration
B) Concentration of urine
C) Production of hormones
D) Blood storage

Answer: B) Concentration of urine

Explanation: The renal medulla plays a key role in concentrating urine through the loop of Henle and collecting ducts.

MCQ 53
Which of the following conditions is characterized by the formation of kidney stones?

A) Glomerulonephritis
B) Nephrolithiasis
C) Pyelonephritis
D) Nephrotic syndrome

Answer: B) Nephrolithiasis

Explanation: Nephrolithiasis refers to the formation of kidney stones, which can cause pain and obstruction in the urinary tract.

MCQ 54
What effect does caffeine have on the kidneys?

A) Decreases urine production
B) Increases urine production
C) Reduces glomerular filtration rate
D) Increases sodium reabsorption

Answer: B) Increases urine production

Explanation: Caffeine acts as a diuretic, increasing urine production by inhibiting sodium reabsorption in the kidneys.

MCQ 55
The presence of blood in urine is referred to as:

A) Hematuria
B) Proteinuria
C) Oliguria
D) Anuria

Answer: A) Hematuria

Explanation: Hematuria is the medical term for the presence of blood in urine, which can indicate various conditions, including infections or kidney stones.

MCQ 56
Which structure allows the exchange of materials between the blood and nephron?

A) Glomerulus
B) Collecting duct
C) Ureter
D) Renal pelvis

Answer: A) Glomerulus

Explanation: The glomerulus facilitates the exchange of materials, filtering blood to produce a filtrate that enters the nephron.

MCQ 57
What happens to excess glucose in the body when blood glucose levels exceed the renal threshold?

A) It is stored in the liver.
B) It is converted to fat.
C) It is excreted in urine.
D) It is metabolized for energy.

Answer: C) It is excreted in urine.

Explanation: When blood glucose levels exceed the renal threshold, the excess glucose cannot be reabsorbed and is excreted in the urine.

MCQ 58
Which hormone is secreted by the kidneys to help regulate blood pressure?

A) Insulin
B) Aldosterone
C) Erythropoietin
D) Renin

Answer: D) Renin

Explanation: Renin is released by the kidneys in response to low blood pressure and plays a key role in the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS).

MCQ 59
What type of kidney stone is most common in individuals with a high oxalate diet?

A) Calcium oxalate
B) Struvite
C) Uric acid
D) Cystine

Answer: A) Calcium oxalate

Explanation: Calcium oxalate stones are the most common type of kidney stones, often associated with high dietary oxalate intake.

MCQ 60
What is the significance of the “Countercurrent Multiplication” mechanism?

A) It maintains electrolyte balance.
B) It concentrates urine.
C) It aids in filtration.
D) It regulates blood pressure.

Answer: B) It concentrates urine.

Explanation: The countercurrent multiplication mechanism in the loop of Henle allows for the efficient concentration of urine by creating a gradient for water reabsorption.