MCQ 11
Which structure collects urine from the nephrons?
A) Renal pelvis
B) Ureter
C) Bladder
D) Urethra
Answer: A) Renal pelvis
Explanation: The renal pelvis collects urine produced by the nephrons before it is funneled into the ureters for transport to the bladder.
MCQ 12
In which part of the nephron does the majority of water reabsorption occur?
A) Glomerulus
B) Proximal convoluted tubule
C) Loop of Henle
D) Collecting duct
Answer: B) Proximal convoluted tubule
Explanation: The proximal convoluted tubule reabsorbs about 65-70% of the water filtered by the glomeruli, along with nutrients and ions.
MCQ 13
What is the main function of the collecting ducts in the kidney?
A) Filtration
B) Water reabsorption
C) Secretion of urea
D) Regulation of pH
Answer: B) Water reabsorption
Explanation: The collecting ducts play a crucial role in reabsorbing water, influenced by the presence of ADH, which helps concentrate urine.
MCQ 14
Which substance is not typically found in healthy urine?
A) Urea
B) Glucose
C) Creatinine
D) Uric acid
Answer: B) Glucose
Explanation: In healthy individuals, glucose should not be present in urine, as it is usually reabsorbed completely in the proximal convoluted tubule.
MCQ 15
The major nitrogenous waste excreted by birds and reptiles is:
A) Urea
B) Uric acid
C) Ammonia
D) Creatinine
Answer: B) Uric acid
Explanation: Birds and reptiles excrete uric acid, which is less toxic and conserves water, allowing them to survive in arid environments.
MCQ 16
The nephron structure that directly filters blood is the:
A) Proximal convoluted tubule
B) Glomerulus
C) Loop of Henle
D) Collecting duct
Answer: B) Glomerulus
Explanation: The glomerulus is a network of capillaries where blood filtration occurs, allowing water and small molecules to pass into the nephron.
MCQ 17
Which of the following is a function of the kidneys?
A) Regulation of blood pressure
B) Regulation of body temperature
C) Production of hormones
D) A and C only
Answer: D) A and C only
Explanation: The kidneys regulate blood pressure through the renin-angiotensin system and produce hormones like erythropoietin and calcitriol.
MCQ 18
The main role of the distal convoluted tubule is to:
A) Reabsorb water
B) Secrete potassium ions
C) Filter blood
D) Reabsorb glucose
Answer: B) Secrete potassium ions
Explanation: The distal convoluted tubule plays a key role in the secretion of potassium ions and the fine-tuning of sodium and water reabsorption.
MCQ 19
The presence of ketones in urine may indicate:
A) Liver disease
B) Diabetes mellitus
C) Kidney failure
D) Dehydration
Answer: B) Diabetes mellitus
Explanation: Ketones in urine typically indicate uncontrolled diabetes mellitus, where fat is used for energy due to insufficient insulin.
MCQ 20
Which part of the kidney is responsible for producing erythropoietin?
A) Cortex
B) Medulla
C) Renal pelvis
D) Glomerulus
Answer: A) Cortex
Explanation: Erythropoietin, a hormone that stimulates red blood cell production, is produced in the renal cortex.
Leave a comment