MCQ 111
What does the term “polyuria” refer to?
A) Excessive urination
B) Decreased urination
C) Presence of blood in urine
D) Presence of protein in urine
Answer: A) Excessive urination
Explanation: Polyuria is defined as the production of abnormally large volumes of dilute urine, often seen in diabetes mellitus.
MCQ 112
What is the role of the afferent arterioles?
A) Transport urine to the bladder
B) Carry blood to the glomerulus
C) Drain blood from the glomerulus
D) Regulate blood pressure
Answer: B) Carry blood to the glomerulus
Explanation: Afferent arterioles are responsible for delivering blood to the glomeruli, where filtration occurs.
MCQ 113
What condition can result from the excessive use of diuretics?
A) Hyperkalemia
B) Dehydration
C) Hypernatremia
D) All of the above
Answer: B) Dehydration
Explanation: Excessive use of diuretics can lead to dehydration due to increased urine output and fluid loss.
MCQ 114
Which of the following structures is involved in the reabsorption of calcium?
A) Proximal convoluted tubule
B) Loop of Henle
C) Distal convoluted tubule
D) Collecting duct
Answer: C) Distal convoluted tubule
Explanation: The distal convoluted tubule is involved in the reabsorption of calcium under the influence of parathyroid hormone.
MCQ 115
What is the function of the renal medulla?
A) Filtration of blood
B) Reabsorption of water
C) Urine storage
D) Regulation of blood pressure
Answer: B) Reabsorption of water
Explanation: The renal medulla is responsible for the reabsorption of water and the concentration of urine through its osmotic gradient.
MCQ 116
Which blood test is commonly used to assess kidney function?
A) Glucose
B) BUN (Blood Urea Nitrogen)
C) Hemoglobin
D) Creatinine kinase
Answer: B) BUN (Blood Urea Nitrogen)
Explanation: BUN is a common test that helps assess kidney function by measuring the amount of nitrogen in the blood from urea, a waste product.
MCQ 117
What effect does high blood sugar have on urine production?
A) Decreases urine output
B) Increases urine output
C) No effect
D) Causes kidney damage
Answer: B) Increases urine output
Explanation: High blood sugar levels lead to osmotic diuresis, where excess glucose in the urine draws water, increasing urine output.
MCQ 118
What is the primary purpose of dialysis?
A) Increase blood pressure
B) Replace kidney function
C) Decrease urine output
D) Remove glucose from the blood
Answer: B) Replace kidney function
Explanation: Dialysis is a medical procedure used to remove waste products and excess fluid from the blood, essentially performing the function of the kidneys.
MCQ 119
What type of renal failure is characterized by gradual loss of function over time?
A) Acute kidney injury
B) Chronic kidney disease
C) Pre-renal failure
D) Post-renal failure
Answer: B) Chronic kidney disease
Explanation: Chronic kidney disease is defined by a gradual decline in kidney function, often progressing to end-stage renal failure.
MCQ 120
What is the primary role of the renal tubules?
A) Filtration
B) Reabsorption and secretion
C) Storage
D) Hormone production
Answer: B) Reabsorption and secretion
Explanation: The renal tubules are primarily responsible for reabsorbing useful substances and secreting waste products into the filtrate.
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