MCQ 111:
What is the main characteristic of obstructive lung diseases?
A) Decreased lung volume
B) Increased lung volume
C) Reduced airflow due to airway narrowing
D) Abnormal lung tissue
Answer: C) Reduced airflow due to airway narrowing
Explanation: Obstructive lung diseases, such as asthma and chronic bronchitis, are characterized by reduced airflow due to narrowing of the airways.
MCQ 112:
Which lung volume cannot be measured directly using spirometry?
A) Tidal volume
B) Inspiratory reserve volume
C) Expiratory reserve volume
D) Residual volume
Answer: D) Residual volume
Explanation: Residual volume is the amount of air remaining in the lungs after maximum exhalation and cannot be measured directly by spirometry.
MCQ 113:
Which of the following describes the process of ventilation?
A) Gas exchange in the alveoli
B) Movement of air into and out of the lungs
C) Transport of gases in the blood
D) Cellular use of oxygen
Answer: B) Movement of air into and out of the lungs
Explanation: Ventilation refers to the mechanical process of moving air into and out of the lungs.
MCQ 114:
What is the primary effect of pulmonary fibrosis on the lungs?
A) Increased elasticity
B) Thickening of lung tissue
C) Decreased surface area
D) Both B and C
Answer: D) Both B and C
Explanation: Pulmonary fibrosis results in thickening and scarring of lung tissue, which can decrease surface area for gas exchange.
MCQ 115:
Which of the following is a common sign of pneumonia?
A) Increased lung capacity
B) Sharp chest pain during inhalation
C) Normal respiratory rate
D) Clear sputum production
Answer: B) Sharp chest pain during inhalation
Explanation: Sharp chest pain that worsens with inhalation is a common symptom of pneumonia due to pleuritic involvement.
MCQ 116:
What is the primary purpose of the bronchial smooth muscle?
A) To produce mucus
B) To facilitate gas exchange
C) To regulate airway diameter
D) To trap pathogens
Answer: C) To regulate airway diameter
Explanation: The bronchial smooth muscle constricts or relaxes to regulate the diameter of the airways, affecting airflow to the lungs.
MCQ 117:
What is the primary role of the diaphragm during exhalation?
A) It contracts.
B) It relaxes and moves upward.
C) It flattens.
D) It increases lung volume.
Answer: B) It relaxes and moves upward.
Explanation: During exhalation, the diaphragm relaxes and moves upward, decreasing the volume of the thoracic cavity and pushing air out of the lungs.
MCQ 118:
Which of the following is true regarding the respiratory system?
A) It is involved in the regulation of blood pH.
B) It solely relies on the circulatory system for gas transport.
C) It does not have any role in thermoregulation.
D) It only functions during physical activity.
Answer: A) It is involved in the regulation of blood pH.
Explanation: The respiratory system plays a critical role in maintaining acid-base balance by regulating carbon dioxide levels, which affect blood pH.
MCQ 119:
What is the primary cause of respiratory alkalosis?
A) Hyperventilation
B) Hypoventilation
C) Decreased oxygen levels
D) High carbon dioxide levels
Answer: A) Hyperventilation
Explanation: Respiratory alkalosis occurs when there is excessive breathing (hyperventilation), leading to decreased carbon dioxide levels and increased blood pH.
MCQ 120:
What is the primary purpose of the nasal conchae?
A) To filter and humidify air
B) To produce mucus
C) To facilitate gas exchange
D) To regulate airflow
Answer: A) To filter and humidify air
Explanation: The nasal conchae increase the surface area of the nasal cavity, helping to filter, warm, and humidify the incoming air.
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